Energy Metabolism - Revision history

RRM: /* Fat */

2017-09-14T18:26:32Z

‎Fat

RRM at 14:01, 6 September 2017

2017-09-06T14:01:47Z

RRM: /* Protein */

2017-09-06T13:52:11Z

‎Protein

RRM: /* Protein */

2017-09-06T13:50:26Z

‎Protein

RRM: /* Fat */

2017-09-06T13:44:56Z

‎Fat

RRM: /* Sugars */

2017-09-06T13:34:49Z

‎Sugars

RRM: /* Fat */

2017-09-06T13:33:22Z

‎Fat

RRM: /* Fat */

2017-09-06T13:33:11Z

‎Fat

RRM: /* Fat */

2017-09-06T13:20:22Z

‎Fat

RRM: /* Sugars */

2017-09-06T13:17:32Z

‎Sugars

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 About 2 to 5% of serum fatty acids are free fatty acids. Serum reference levels for free fatty acids are 0 to 720 μmol/L.[http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8280] / with a mean value of 7.5 nM (with a standard deviation of 2.5 nM), and a 1.5 nM increase after overnight fasting. [http://www.jlr.org/content/36/2/229.long]
-Triglycerides (triacylglycerol) are the main constituents of adipose tissue (body fat) in humans. 25% of the molecules in triglycerides are glycerol, and 75% fatty acids. When ample oxygen is available (while resting), fatty acids are the most efficient source of fuel, as yielding more than twice as much energy per gra than protein and sugars. During intense physical activity, oxygen is the limiting factor, which makes glucose the most efficient source of fuel, as requiring less oxygen for complete oxidation.[http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org/content/220/2/T61.full][https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17380791?]
+Triglycerides (triacylglycerol) are the main constituents of adipose tissue (body fat) in humans. 25% of the molecules in triglycerides are glycerol, and 75% fatty acids. Fatty acids in adipose tissue contain over 80% of the human body’s stored energy. When ample oxygen is available (while resting), fatty acids are the most efficient source of fuel, as yielding more than twice as much energy per gra than protein and sugars. During intense physical activity, oxygen is the limiting factor, which makes glucose the most efficient source of fuel, as requiring less oxygen for complete oxidation.[http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org/content/220/2/T61.full][https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17380791?]
 ==Sugars==

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 About 2 to 5% of serum fatty acids are free fatty acids. Serum reference levels for free fatty acids are 0 to 720 μmol/L.[http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8280] / with a mean value of 7.5 nM (with a standard deviation of 2.5 nM), and a 1.5 nM increase after overnight fasting. [http://www.jlr.org/content/36/2/229.long]
-Triglycerides (triacylglycerol) are the main constituents of adipose tissue (body fat) in humans. 25% of the molecules in triglycerides are glycerol, and 75% fatty acids. When ample oxygen is available (while resting), fatty acids are the most efficient source of fuel, as yielding more than twice as much energy per gra than protein and sugars. During intense physical activity, oxygen is the limiting factor, which makes glucose the most efficient source of fuel, as requiring less oxygen for complete oxidation.[http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org/content/220/2/T61.full]
+Triglycerides (triacylglycerol) are the main constituents of adipose tissue (body fat) in humans. 25% of the molecules in triglycerides are glycerol, and 75% fatty acids. When ample oxygen is available (while resting), fatty acids are the most efficient source of fuel, as yielding more than twice as much energy per gra than protein and sugars. During intense physical activity, oxygen is the limiting factor, which makes glucose the most efficient source of fuel, as requiring less oxygen for complete oxidation.[http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org/content/220/2/T61.full][https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17380791?]
 ==Sugars==

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 ==Protein==
-Protein consists of amino acids, which are either ketogenic or glucogenic, or both. As a result, protein is eventually burned for energy, either as fat, or as sugars.
+Unlike, sugars and fats, protein not only consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, but also nitrogen (and some amino acids also sulphur). Protein consists of amino acids, which are either ketogenic or glucogenic, or both. As a result, protein is eventually burned for energy, either as fat, or as sugars. The nitrogen is reused, or excreted.
 =Activities=

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:50, 6 September 2017
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	==Protein==		==Protein==
		+	Protein consists of amino acids, which are either ketogenic or glucogenic, or both. As a result, protein is eventually burned for energy, either as fat, or as sugars.

	=Activities=		=Activities=

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 ==Fat==
 Plasma is composed of all major circulating lipid species including triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol-esters and free fatty acids.[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2918509/]
 Fatty acid levels in adipose tissue reflect intake in years.[http://www.jlr.org/content/7/1/103.long] Serum fatty acids reflect intake in weeks.[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16407712/] Fatty acids are also stored in muscles [http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/49/9/1427], as resting muscles predominantly use fatty acids for energy, though not as triglyceride droplets (adipose fat).
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 About 2 to 5% of serum fatty acids are free fatty acids. Serum reference levels for free fatty acids are 0 to 720 μmol/L.[http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8280] / with a mean value of 7.5 nM (with a standard deviation of 2.5 nM), and a 1.5 nM increase after overnight fasting. [http://www.jlr.org/content/36/2/229.long]
 ==Sugars==

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 ==Sugars==
-Your brain, red blood cells and retinal cells have an obligatory need for glucose, which may be supplied by all sugars.
+Your brain, red blood cells and retinal cells have an obligatory need for glucose (except during starvation), which may be supplied by all sugars.
 Due to glycerol's (relative to fatty acids') low molecular weight (92.094 g/mol) and caloric value (4.31 kcal/g [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/753#section=Top]], glycerol may account for about 5% of total caloric value of triglycerides, depending on the length of the specific fatty acids. This equals energy expenditure during sleep (95% of energy coming from fatty acids).

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:33, 6 September 2017
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	Triglycerides (triacylglycerol) are the main constituents of adipose tissue (body fat) in humans. 25% of the molecules in triglycerides are glycerol, and 75% fatty acids. When ample oxygen is available (while resting), fatty acids are the most efficient source of fuel, as yielding more than twice as much energy per gra than protein and sugars. During intense physical activity, oxygen is the limiting factor, which makes glucose the most efficient source of fuel, as requiring less oxygen for complete oxidation.[http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org/content/220/2/T61.full]		Triglycerides (triacylglycerol) are the main constituents of adipose tissue (body fat) in humans. 25% of the molecules in triglycerides are glycerol, and 75% fatty acids. When ample oxygen is available (while resting), fatty acids are the most efficient source of fuel, as yielding more than twice as much energy per gra than protein and sugars. During intense physical activity, oxygen is the limiting factor, which makes glucose the most efficient source of fuel, as requiring less oxygen for complete oxidation.[http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org/content/220/2/T61.full]
		+
	Fatty acid levels in adipose tissue reflect intake in years.[http://www.jlr.org/content/7/1/103.long] Serum fatty acids reflect intake in weeks.[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16407712/] Fatty acids are also stored in muscles [http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/49/9/1427], as resting muscles predominantly use fatty acids for energy, though not as triglyceride droplets (adipose fat).		Fatty acid levels in adipose tissue reflect intake in years.[http://www.jlr.org/content/7/1/103.long] Serum fatty acids reflect intake in weeks.[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16407712/] Fatty acids are also stored in muscles [http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/49/9/1427], as resting muscles predominantly use fatty acids for energy, though not as triglyceride droplets (adipose fat).

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:17, 6 September 2017
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	==Sugars==		==Sugars==
		+	Your brain, red blood cells and retinal cells have an obligatory need for glucose, which may be supplied by all sugars.
	Due to glycerol's (relative to fatty acids') low molecular weight (92.094 g/mol) and caloric value (4.31 kcal/g [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/753#section=Top]], glycerol may account for about 5% of total caloric value of triglycerides, depending on the length of the specific fatty acids. This equals energy expenditure during sleep (95% of energy coming from fatty acids).		Due to glycerol's (relative to fatty acids') low molecular weight (92.094 g/mol) and caloric value (4.31 kcal/g [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/753#section=Top]], glycerol may account for about 5% of total caloric value of triglycerides, depending on the length of the specific fatty acids. This equals energy expenditure during sleep (95% of energy coming from fatty acids).